In this week’s Discussion, you addressed macro interventions of global significance such as child soldiers, HIV/AIDS, and education in war-torn countries. In this Application, you review additional issues and macro-level interventions, identify a global issue that might benefit from the presence of a psychologist, and consider strategies that might be used to intervene in such situations. Psychologists intervene by implementing strategies called change strategies. The three change strategies detailed in your text are top-down, bottom-up, and middle-out. Top-down strategies are those that top-level leaders implement by directing action to those who report to them. Bottom-up strategies work from the grassroots. In bottom-up strategies, laypeople work together to create change. Middle-out strategies are implemented by mid-level leaders to influence top-level leaders as well as their public constituencies.
To prepare for this assignment:
Review Chapter 9 in your course text, Toward a Global Psychology: Theory, Research, Intervention, and Pedagogy. Pay particular attention to the section that addresses change strategies.
Identify a global issue currently in the news that might benefit from a macro-level intervention that includes a psychologist.
Think about one bottom-up change strategy a psychologist might use to intervene and address the issue, one middle-out strategy, and one top-down strategy.
For each strategy, consider which specific change strategy might be the most effective in addressing the issue you selected.
The assignment (1–2 pages):
Describe the issue you selected and the macro-level intervention that might address the issue. Select an issue and intervention that would benefit from the involvement of a psychologist.
Describe the bottom-up change strategy a psychologist might use and explain how he or she might use it.
Describe a middle-out change strategy a psychologist might use and explain how he or she might use it.
Describe a top-down change strategy a psychologist might use and explain how he or she might use it.
Explain which change strategy or combination of strategies you believe would be the most effective in addressing the issue and why.
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Stanford Prison Experiment
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Question 1
Please read about one of the most famous psychological experiments of all time, conducted by Dr. Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues at Stanford University. To read more of the details of this experiment, visit https://www.prisonexp.org. After reading about the experiment and exploring the website, answer the following:
Was it ethical to do the prison study in the way that Zimbardo conducted it? Why or why not? Explain your position substantively.
In responding to the above, keep in mind that morals and ethics aren’t the same thing. Morals are right vs. wrong behavior internal compasses that guide personal life decisions and are grounded in family beliefs, faith traditions, etc. Ethics are standards of behavior established by a professional organization, such as the American Psychological Association. You may have very strong feelings about whether the Zimbardo study was moral, but here we are discussing ethics.
How do the social psychology concepts of conformity and the power of the social situation that we are studying this week relate to what happened during the brief period of time that the prison study ran. Where in the description of how the study unfolded did we see evidence of these concepts?
Ground your answer to the questions in #2 in our assigned readings for this week and think social psychology. For example, the guards were given power over the prisoners and having power may affect others’ obedience to one’s rules, but one can affect obedience one-on-one as we see in the Milgram study. What we mean when we say “the power of the social situation” is the impact that being with others in a group setting, whether public or private, has on people’s behavior, such as the degree to which they conform to perceived norms).
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